Hot Stuff: Nuclear Reactors to Volcanoes

EBR-i? No, EBR-One.

Friday morning began with breakfast back at Pickle's Place. Kathy ate an omelet. Chris a buffalo burger.

We then headed back a few miles to visit Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum. The museum is housed in the original nuclear energy station on the site and it is much smaller than those we are accustomed to, like Wolf Creek Power Station near Burlington, Kansas. It is also listed on the National Historic Register. The guide gave us a tour explaining how nuclear reactors and breeder reactors work and the various areas in the station that dealt with each step in the process. She emphasized the safety features, even in the early 1950s, and I came away with a much better attitude about nuclear energy and it's role in our future (--Kathy). It reminded me of the early Robert Heinlein novels of the '40s and '50s that I have enjoyed where nuclear energy is taken for granted and used in all aspects of life.



This whole area of Idaho is centered around nuclear energy, it seems. The museum is on land owned by the Idaho National Laboratory, once known as the Atomic Energy Commission’s Argonne National Laboratory.

Chris prevents a nuclear catastrophe by manipulating wooden blocks.

EBR-1 was followed by EBR-2. Museum displays claim the three major nuclear accidents at Three-mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima-Daiichi could not have happened with the EBR-2 design.  During its life, EBR-2 ran tests demonstrating that as the nuclear core heats up the fuel spreads out to slow the reaction without the insertion of "control rods" or additional coolant to prevent  melting the reactor.
  
Idaho should be called the "Smile State" because the Snake River Plain is shaped like a large smile across the bottom half of the state. In the eastern half of the smile, running perpendicular to the smile, is the Great Rift of Idaho. Out of this rift came the 60 lava flows that now make up the Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve.

In the early 1900s a geologist estimated the lava to be 150 years old. However, tree ring dating of a large gnarled tree showed the tree to be 1,300 years old. But how long had the lava been there when the tree started growing? Further study showed the lava had flowed from the Great Rift around 2,000 years ago.And this is the most recent of the eight periods of volcanic activity in this area.

So now the story is that lava started flowing up through the rift about 15,000 years ago and has done so about 8 times. The longest flow is 30 miles long. Two kinds of lava can be seen. Lava types have Hawaiian names. "Pahoehoe" looks like smooth, billowy and ropy. "Aa" is rough and jagged. These flows created a number of cool features such as lava caves and 25 cinder and splatter cones. 

Horizontal tree mold

When the lava covered trees and cooled, the wood burned out and decayed leaving tree molds. Vertical tree molds are created when trees remain standing and look like perfect holes drilled in the lava. When trees fall over, horizontal molds show the tree bark burned into squares. In the picture on the right, the flat curved surface is the mold of tree bark. The impression in the lava is easier to see in reality than in this picture.

Another story is how the vegetation is recovering the land, turning lava into soil. More details.

We left the lava flows at about 6:30 pm. Drove back to Arco and then turned north up the Big Lost River valley, passed the Mackay dammed lake, over a pass to the Salmon River. The valley was filled with smoke from Idaho wildfires. The pass was so smokey that the surrounding could be barely seen.

On the Salmon River we stopped in Challis for dinner. It was dark when we drove on. The lights of the van are weak. I drove from Challis to North Fork at about 45 miles an hour, the speed limit in Yellowstone. At one point, a young deer ran out. I swerved. The deer swerved. But there was still a loud bang. The solid front bumper of the camper is unharmed. I did not stop to check the damage to the deer, but I fear the worst.

This night was spent in the highly-rated Wagonhammer KOA park in North Fork, Idaho. We arrived late. Since there is little light pollution, the stars were bright. The Milky Way was easy to see. Our spot was right on the Salmon River.

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1 (EBR-I) Atomic Museum - See more at: http://www.inl.gov/ebr/#sthash.KSFiUnGE.dpuf

Dubois, WY to Fishing Bridge, Yellowstone National Park, WY

Chris sees the Grand Tetons!

We reached the Grand Teton National Park at about 9:30 am, Wednesday, I think. The lakes and land are already at 6,000 elevation. The granite Tetons rise another 5,000 to 6,000 feet almost straight up. The day we were there a layer of clouds drifted at about 7,500 feet in front of the Tetons. Another layer floated just above the peaks. It was a very majestic site. A few recesses had glaciers from the top many thousand feet down the face. It was truly a grand and majestic sight. Lakes and swampy land are at the base of the mountains. I read that wildlife is abundant, but we saw none on our drive north into Yellowstone.

At the visitors center we saw a short film about the 1988 fires which destroyed 36% of Yellowstone's forests.

In Yellowstone we drove straight to the campsite near Fishing Bridge because it is the only camp with electrical hook-ups we need for our c-paps. After getting our campsite, we drove one of the loops to Old Faithful.

While we waited a soft drizzle began, then it began to actually rain. We took shelter under a pine tree where we could still keep an eye on Old Faithful. We were told the geyser would erupt at 6 pm. Old Faithful went off right on schedule with a 5-minute gusher. One thing I noticed is that as Old Faithful was gushing, steam was also rising from the cone's surface, not just from the hole.

C. J. Box is honored to meet the Rippels.

After the eruption, Kathy and I walked to the historic Old Faithful Inn. It is very impressive with a cathedral ceiling and numerous atriums overlooking the central area. Wyoming mystery author C. J. Box was doing a book signing of his July 2013 book, The Highway, which takes place near Yellowstone.We discussed his books and ebooks, libraries, and publishers.

 On the way to and from Old Faithful we stopped at some hot springs. I had originally thought the colors are created by minerals in the hot water. Educational signs, however, the colors are are “mats” of thermophilic microorganisms, archaea and bacteria, that use the colors to absorb the specific colors of lighted needed for their photosynthesis. They are pretty and awesome. (http://www.nps.gov/ns/yell/planyourvisit/upload/r&i10_4.pdf)

After sleeping at the campsite, we drove to Mammoth Hot Springs in the northern part of Yellowstone, Thursday morning.

Elk asks for a ride, but we were going the other way.

Along the way, we saw forests of 12-foot trees, the regrowth from the 1988 Yellowstone fire. And
during our drives through the park, we saw herds of bison, a family of elk, a momma bear and her cub, geese and chipmunks. Kathy was disappointed that we did not see any moose.

One amazing feature of Mammoth Hot Springs is the formation of flat travertine terraces. In many places travertine terraces look like steps. At Mammoth, the travertine terrace reminded Kathy and I of pueblos. When fresh the terraces are beautiful, bright white. Weathering turns them gray. Travertine is a popular building stone in places such as Italy. Travertine terraces occur all over the world. (http://www.atlasofwonders.com/2012/11/travertine-terraces.html)

At around noon, we headed out of Yellowstone for Idaho. Our goal is Craters of the Moon National Monument.

On the way to our destination we learned about Spuds Drive In Movie Theater in Driggs, Idaho. We are going to try to visit it on the way back through Idaho to Kansas.

At dinner, Kathy relaxes reading.

We are now camping at the KOA in Arco, Idaho. We ate at a place called "Pickle's Place: home of the Atomic Burger", neither of us had an Atomic Burger. After dinner, Kathy read for awhile in their green rocking chair. Across the street was the "sail" of a retired nuclear submarine USS Hawkbill (666), known fondly as the "Devil Boat." (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Hawkbill_%28SSN-666%29)

Arco is surrounded by small knobs. One knob is called "Number Hill" because each high school class, beginning in 1920, writes its year on a spot on the hill. Tomorrow we will visit "Craters on the Moon."

My French Grandmother Would be Appalled : Strasburg, CO to Dubois, WY

Vedauwoo

As many of our readers know, the last few years we have pretty much made up our travel destinations on the fly. After eating breakfast in suburban Denver (Cracker Barrel), we knew we needed to decide on a route by the time we reached Cheyenne, Wyoming. Our options were to go north through Casper to Montana, or west toward Laramie, Rawlins, etc. for Utah, etc. But after looking at the map we decided to stray from the original “Pacific Northwest” and detoured toward the Grand Tetons and Yellowstone National Park. Chris had never been to northwest Wyoming! With his interest in geologic “stuff” and love of travel it seemed like a place he would have visited before. Well, it was time to rectify the situation... We lunched at Undine Park in Laramie, Wyoming, on our brisket sandwiches (home-made brisket sandwiches for vacation lunches is a long-standing Reid-Mitchum-Rippel tradition). It was then back to I-80. We turned north at Rawlins, passed through Lander, and stopped for the night in Dubois, Wyoming. After checking in at the KOA, we toured the downtown area of Dubois and visited the local grocery store for some staples we needed: bread, paper towels, etc. (“How fascinating”, you think). Then back to our temporary home for the night. Why would my French grandmother be appalled? Grandma Smith was an immigrant from southern France when she was twelve. She always cringed when we would tell her about friends with French names that had been Americanized (Bourgeois pronounced something like “bur-goyce”, rather than the much prettier-sounding French pronunciation that I can only phonetically spell as something like “boor-zhwa”). Well, my great uncle and aunt (other side of the family!) lived in Dubois for awhile and I've been taught to pronounce it “du-boyce” rather than the French “du-bwa”. Grandma would NOT be amused... Tomorrow? Yellowstone and vicinity. Note to our loyal followers: Most of the time we've been in Wyoming we have not had internet or even phone service, period. That's why this blog is already past due. As soon as we get in to an area with some service we will be loading all the days we've prepared.

Westward Ho! : Great Bend to Strasburg, CO

We got away around 2:45 PM because Chris had an appointment earlier. Dilly is “sleeping over” with the Sanders's and Bungee was anxiously awaiting the time Ben would come visit her. Of course, it didn't feel much like vacation yet, since we were traversing areas we drive through regularly while consulting. We finally stopped for the night at the KOA at Strasburg, Colorado, outside Denver.